Valorik (Language)/Grammar

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Valorik Grammar and Function Words

Word Order and Sentence Structure

Valorik follows a **Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)** structure, similar to English. Adjectives and modifiers always follow the noun.

Example

oʊn fɛniː kɑɪlə the big child

Articles are required before nouns (see Articles), and prepositions precede their objects.

Articles

Valorik uses both **definite** and **indefinite** articles, as well as demonstrative articles (“this,” “that”), and each can be gendered as a prefix.

Meaning	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter
a/an	zɛluːn	duːɹuːn	uːn
the	zɛloʊn	duːɹoʊn	oʊn
this	zɛliːn	duːɹiːn	iːn
that	zɛlɛɪn	duːɹɛɪn	ɛɪn

Example usage

• zɛluːn fɛniː – a (female) child
• duːɹoʊn duːɹfɛniː – the (male) boy
• iːn pɛkə – this (neuter) thing
• zɛlɛɪn zɛlkə – that mature woman

Pronouns

Valorik pronouns are marked for person, number, and inclusivity.

Person	Singular	Plural (inclusive)	Plural (exclusive)
1st (I, we)	miː	muː	muːiː
2nd (you)	nɛɹə	nɛɹəzuː
3rd masc.	duːɹ	duːɹzuː
3rd fem.	zɛlə	zɛləzuː
3rd neut.	pɛkə	pɛkəzuː
reflexive	mɛnɛm
indefinite	kənuː

Inclusive

“muː” = we (including listener), “muːiː” = we (excluding listener)

Plural

add “-zuː” to singular pronouns

Prepositions

Prepositions always precede their object. Some common prepositions:

• dʊɹə – in
• zɛɪlə – on
• mɛnɛθ – under
• kɛrə – with
• dɛlzə – for
• kɛɪlə – by
• kɹɛɪdə – from
• zɛndə – to
• bɛlnə – between
• mɛlvə – through

Example

dʊɹə oʊn fiːnə – in the house

Conjunctions

Conjunctions connect phrases, clauses, or words:

• kə – and
• t͡suːdə – but
• ʊdə – or
• mɛθə – if
• dɹɛlnə – because
• sɛʃə – so

Interrogatives

Interrogatives (question words) typically begin a sentence:

• fenuu – who
• tsiinuh – what
• vaaluh – where
• zelvehtuh – when
• menziide – why
• tsuulenuh – how

Example

fenuu sevliizuh? – Who speaks?

Tense and Verb Morphology

Valorik verbs use suffixes to indicate tense. The core tenses are:

Tense	Suffix	Example Root	Full Verb	English Meaning
Present	-vuh	menuuthe	menuuthuvuh	(I/you) eat, am eating
Past	-duh	menuuthe	menuuthuduh	(I/you) ate, have eaten
Future	-guh	menuuthe	menuuthuguh	(I/you) will eat

Tense is always indicated by attaching the appropriate suffix to the verb root.

Examples

• mii menuuthuvuh – I eat.
• mii menuuthuduh – I ate.
• mii menuuthuguh – I will eat.

Negation and Questions

The negative particle **nethe** precedes the verb:

• mii nethe menuuthuzuh – I do not eat.

Yes/no questions are marked with the particle **ka** at the end of the sentence:

• nere menuuthuzuh ka? – Do you eat?

Negation

The negative particle **nethe** precedes the verb:

• mii nethe menuuthuzuh – I do not eat.

Questions

Yes/no questions are marked with the particle **ka** at sentence end:

• nere menuuthuzuh ka? – Do you eat?

Additional Grammar Notes

• Adjectives always follow the noun: ohn fenii kaile – the big child
• Articles and pronouns are not obligatory if context is clear, but often used for emphasis or clarity.
• Plurals are often context-based; explicit plural markers (-zuu) can be added to pronouns or nouns for clarity.

Example Sentences

• mii dzhera okii. – I love you.
• zeliin fenii zaaluh – this child is on (something)
• menziide mii melzefuh? – Why did I wait?

See Also

• Valorik Lexicon
• Valorik Phonology and Orthography