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Valorik (Language)/Derivation
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* **zel-** (feminine), **dur-** (masculine), **pek-** (neuter)
* '''zɛl-''' (feminine), '''duːr-''' (masculine), '''pɛk-''' (neuter)


; Agent (one who does X)
; Agent (one who does X)
:
:


* **-shen** or **-len** (from “one who Xs”)
* '''-ʃɛn''' or '''-lɛn''' (from “one who Xs”)
** Example: **menuuthelen** – eater (from “to eat”)
** Example: **mɛnuːthəlɛn** – eater (from “to eat”)


; Diminutive (smallness or endearment)
; Diminutive (smallness or endearment)
:
:


* **-il** or **-nii** (attached at end)
* '''-ɪl''' or '''-niː''' (attached at end)
** Example: **fenii** – child, **feniinii** – little child
** Example: '''fɛniː''' – child, '''fɛniːniː''' – little child


; Augmentative (largeness, greatness)
; Augmentative (largeness, greatness)
:
:


* **-thaan** or **-kaan** (attached at end)
* '''-θɛɪn''' or '''-kɛɪn''' (attached at end)
** Example: **kaile** – big, **kailethaan** – very big
** Example: '''kɑɪlə''' – big, '''kɑɪləθɛɪn''' – very big


; Place/Location
; Place/Location
:
:


* **-nah** (place associated with root)
* -'''nɔ''' (place associated with root)
** Example: **fiinanah** – house, home (from **fiina** “home”)
** Example: fiːnənɔ – house, home (from fiːnə “home”)


; Abstract noun (concept, state)
; Abstract noun (concept, state)
:
:


* **-ethuh** (attached at end)
* '''-ɛθə''' (attached at end)
** Example: **zelvethuh** – year, time (from **zel-** + time root)
** Example: '''zɛnvɛθə''' – year, time (from '''zɛn-''' + time root)


; Instrument/Tool
; Instrument/Tool
:
:


* **-klen** (used for devices/tools)
* '''-klɛn''' (used for devices/tools)
** Example: **dzhaklen** – knife (from **dzha** "cut")
** Example: '''d͡ʒɔklɛn''' – knife (from '''d͡ʒɔ''' "cut")


=== Compound Words ===
=== Compound Words ===
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* **foorishnuh** – canidae large (foor “canidae” + ish “large”)
* fʊɹɪʃnə – canidae large (fʊɹ “canidae” + ɪʃ “large”)
* **dzhaklen** – cutting tool (dzhak “cut” + klen “tool”)
* d͡ʒɔklɛn – cutting tool (d͡ʒɔak “cut” + klɛn “tool”)
* **fiinanahzaaluh** – house on (compound place phrase)
* fiːnənɔzɛɪlə – house on (compound place phrase)


Particles, adjectives, and number markers can be compounded as well for specificity.
Particles, adjectives, and number markers can be compounded as well for specificity.
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!Place/Location
!Place/Location
|-
|-
|fenii
|fɛniː
|child
|child
|feniinii
|fɛniː-iːl
|feniithaan
|fɛniːθɛɪn
|fenii-len
|fɛniːlæn
|feniinah
|fɛniːnə
|-
|-
|menuuthe
|mɛnuːθə
|eat
|eat
|menuuthiil
|mɛnuːθiːl
|menuuthaan
|mɛnuːθɛɪn
|menuuthelan
|mɛnuːθɛlæn
|menuuthenah
|mɛnuːθɛnə
|-
|-
|kaile
|kɑɪl
|big
|big
|kaileil
|kɑɪliːl
|kailethaan
|kaileθɛɪn
|
|
|
|
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# If the second root starts with a vowel, use a hyphen or glottal stop (optional for clarity).
# If the second root starts with a vowel, use a hyphen or glottal stop (optional for clarity).
# Gender prefixes are always attached at the very start of the compound.
# Gender prefixes are always attached at the very start of the compound.
# Articles (zeluun, durohn, etc.) are *not* compounded—always separate words.
# Articles (zɛluːn, duːroʊn, etc.) are ''not'' compounded—always separate words.


; Example
; Example
:
:


* **zeluun feniinii** – a little (female) child
* zɛluːn fɛniːniː – a little (female) child
* **dzhaklenfiinanah** – a kitchen (lit. “knife-tool house”)
* d͡ʒɛklɛnfiːnənə – a kitchen (lit. “knife-tool house”)




[[Category:Valorik Language]]
[[Category:Valorik Language]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 05:06, 10 December 2025


< Valorik (Language)

Derivational Morphology and Word Formation

Valorik uses both prefixes and suffixes to create new words and to indicate nuances such as agency, location, size, and more.

Common Derivational Prefixes

Gender/Class
  • zɛl- (feminine), duːr- (masculine), pɛk- (neuter)
Agent (one who does X)
  • -ʃɛn or -lɛn (from “one who Xs”)
    • Example: **mɛnuːthəlɛn** – eater (from “to eat”)
Diminutive (smallness or endearment)
  • -ɪl or -niː (attached at end)
    • Example: fɛniː – child, fɛniːniː – little child
Augmentative (largeness, greatness)
  • -θɛɪn or -kɛɪn (attached at end)
    • Example: kɑɪlə – big, kɑɪləθɛɪn – very big
Place/Location
  • -nɔ (place associated with root)
    • Example: fiːnənɔ – house, home (from fiːnə “home”)
Abstract noun (concept, state)
  • -ɛθə (attached at end)
    • Example: zɛnvɛθə – year, time (from zɛn- + time root)
Instrument/Tool
  • -klɛn (used for devices/tools)
    • Example: d͡ʒɔklɛn – knife (from d͡ʒɔ "cut")

Compound Words

Valorik builds new meanings through straightforward compounding, typically **noun + modifier** or **root + root**:

  • Order is usually left-to-right, head-first (main idea comes first).
Examples
  • fʊɹɪʃnə – canidae large (fʊɹ “canidae” + ɪʃ “large”)
  • d͡ʒɔklɛn – cutting tool (d͡ʒɔak “cut” + klɛn “tool”)
  • fiːnənɔzɛɪlə – house on (compound place phrase)

Particles, adjectives, and number markers can be compounded as well for specificity.

Derivation Table (Examples)

Base Meaning Diminutive Augmentative Agent/Doer Place/Location
fɛniː child fɛniː-iːl fɛniːθɛɪn fɛniːlæn fɛniːnə
mɛnuːθə eat mɛnuːθiːl mɛnuːθɛɪn mɛnuːθɛlæn mɛnuːθɛnə
kɑɪl big kɑɪliːl kaileθɛɪn

Typical Compounding Rules

  1. If the second root starts with a vowel, use a hyphen or glottal stop (optional for clarity).
  2. Gender prefixes are always attached at the very start of the compound.
  3. Articles (zɛluːn, duːroʊn, etc.) are not compounded—always separate words.
Example
  • zɛluːn fɛniːniː – a little (female) child
  • d͡ʒɛklɛnfiːnənə – a kitchen (lit. “knife-tool house”)
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