Valorik (Language)/Grammar

< Valorik (Language)

Valorik Grammar and Function Words

Word Order and Sentence Structure

Valorik follows a **Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)** structure, similar to English. Adjectives and modifiers always follow the noun.

Example

ohn fenii kaile the big child

Articles are required before nouns (see Articles), and prepositions precede their objects.

Articles

Valorik uses both **definite** and **indefinite** articles, as well as demonstrative articles (“this,” “that”), and each can be gendered as a prefix.

Meaning	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter
a/an	zeluun	duruun	pekuun
the	zelohn	durohn	pekohn
this	zeliin	duriin	pekiin
that	zelaan	duraan	pekan

Example usage

• zeluun fenii – a (female) child
• durohn duurfenii – the (male) boy
• pekiin pekuh – this (neuter) thing
• zelaan zelkuh – that mature woman

Pronouns

Valorik pronouns are marked for person, number, and inclusivity.

Person	Singular	Plural (inclusive)	Plural (exclusive)
1st (I, we)	mii	muu	mui
2nd (you)	nere	nerezuu
3rd masc.	duur	duurzuu
3rd fem.	zeluh	zeluzuu
3rd neut.	pekuh	pekuzuu
reflexive	menem
indefinite	kunuu

Inclusive

“muu” = we (including listener), “mui” = we (excluding listener)

Plural

add “-zuu” to singular pronouns

Prepositions

Prepositions always precede their object. Some common prepositions:

• dore – in
• zaaluh – on
• meneth – under
• keruh – with
• delzuh – for
• kaile – by
• kraaduh – from
• zenduh – to
• belnuh – between
• melva – through

Example

dore ohn fiina – in the house

Conjunctions

Conjunctions connect phrases, clauses, or words:

• kuh – and
• tsuude – but
• oohde – or
• methe – if
• drelnuh – because
• seshuh – so

Interrogatives

Interrogatives (question words) typically begin a sentence:

• fenuu – who
• tsiinuh – what
• vaaluh – where
• zelvehtuh – when
• menziide – why
• tsuulenuh – how

Example

fenuu sevliizuh? – Who speaks?

Tense and Verb Morphology

Valorik verbs use suffixes to indicate tense. The core tenses are:

Tense	Suffix	Example Root	Full Verb	English Meaning
Present	-zuh	menuuthe	menuuthuzuh	(I/you) eat, am eating
Past	-duh	menuuthe	menuuthuduh	(I/you) ate, have eaten
Future	-guh	menuuthe	menuuthuguh	(I/you) will eat

Tense is always indicated by attaching the appropriate suffix to the verb root.

Examples

• mii menuuthuzuh – I eat.
• mii menuuthuduh – I ate.
• mii menuuthuguh – I will eat.

Negation and Questions

The negative particle **nethe** precedes the verb:

• mii nethe menuuthuzuh – I do not eat.

Yes/no questions are marked with the particle **ka** at the end of the sentence:

• nere menuuthuzuh ka? – Do you eat?

Negation

The negative particle **nethe** precedes the verb:

• mii nethe menuuthuzuh – I do not eat.

Questions

Yes/no questions are marked with the particle **ka** at sentence end:

• nere menuuthuzuh ka? – Do you eat?

Additional Grammar Notes

• Adjectives always follow the noun: ohn fenii kaile – the big child
• Articles and pronouns are not obligatory if context is clear, but often used for emphasis or clarity.
• Plurals are often context-based; explicit plural markers (-zuu) can be added to pronouns or nouns for clarity.

Example Sentences

• mii dzhera okii. – I love you.
• zeliin fenii zaaluh – this child is on (something)
• menziide mii melzefuh? – Why did I wait?

See Also

• Valorik Lexicon
• Valorik Phonology and Orthography